Dr. B. Chitradevi, Dr. B. Balakumar, Mr.M.Sulthan Alavudeen, Dr. R. Selvi, Ms. D. Akilandeswari and Vijayakumar Gandhi (2025) “Capturing Spatio-Temporal Patterns for Intrusion Detection: A Hybrid CNN-LSTM-GRU Model on the NSL-KDD Dataset”, Utilitas Mathematica , 122(2), pp. 10–20. Available at: https://utilitasmathematica.com/index.php/Index/article/view/2632 (Accessed: 22 April 2026).