Enhanced Quantum Key Distribution Protocol to Improve Robustness and Error Minimization

Abstract

Quantum cryptography represents a swiftly advancing discipline with the capacity to
fundamentally transform the landscape of data security. A prime application in this
domain is quantum key distribution (QKD), which facilitates secure communication by
leveraging the principles of quantum mechanics to generate and disseminate
cryptographic keys. This study is concentrated on the methodologies for safeguarding
communication and data transfer against cyber-attacks through the utilization of
quantum cryptography, particularly focusing on the quantum key distribution protocol
known as BB84. BB84 is the first protocol for QKD in the year 1984. In this paper we
simulated a new way to enhance quantum key distribution protocol BB84 by introducing
multi-basis encoding, enhanced error correction, and built-in authentication. The
additional basis Y provides increased robustness against intercept resend attacks, and the
authentication mechanism ensures secure classical communication and hence there will
be no loss of information.